Pharmacogenetics

CURRENT PROBLEMS IN MEDICINE:

Limited knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of diseases. Classification of diseases mainly based on signs and symptoms. Limited therapeutic efficacy. Only ¼ diseases are treated correctly (WHO). 1/3 treatments do not achieve the therapeutic objective. In Spain alone: 250,000 people hospitalized per year for ADRs, resulting in 40 deaths per day. In the United States and Canada alone, 30% of hospital admissions were due to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). In Australia, 18.8% and in Europe, 10.6% Some studies have focused on the most vulnerable population such as pediatric and geriatric patients. Between 2.1% and 5.2% of children with adverse drug reactions had to be hospitalized, and 39% of pediatric cases with these reactions could be life-threatening or fatal. The impact and management of ADRs is very complex and in the United States alone they cost an annual amount of 30.1 billion dollars. ADRs increase health costs by increasing hospitalizations, prolonging stays and resulting in more clinical studies in more severe cases. Additionally, ADRs cause a cascade of medical prescriptions, since new medications are prescribed because of the consequences of other medications, which are often ADRs that are not recognized.